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| Location : |
Central Asia |
| Capital : |
Tashkent |
| Area : |
Total : 447,400 sq km
Land : 425,400 sq km
Water : 22,000 sq km |
| Borders : |
Total : 6,221 km
Afghanistan : 137 km
Kazakhstan : 2,203 km
Kyrgyzstan : 1,099 km
Tajikistan : 1,161 km
Turkmenistan: 1,621 km |
| Coastline : |
No coastline |
| Climate : |
Mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot
summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east |
| Terrain : |
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with
dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along
course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon;
Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and
Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west |
| Elevation Extremes : |
Lowest Point : Sariqarnish Lake -12 m
Highest Point: Adelunga Mountain 4,301 m |
| Natural Resources : |
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium,
silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum |
| Land Use : |
Arable Land : 10.83%
Permanent Crops : 0.83%
Other : 88.34% |
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| Population : |
26,850,000 |
| Age Structure : |
0-14 years : 33.5%
15-64 years : 61.7%
65 years and over: 4.8% |
| Sex ratio : |
At birth : 1.05 male/female
Under 15 years : 1.04 male/female
15-64 years : 0.98 male/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male/female
Total population : 0.98 male/female
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| Population growth rate : |
1.67% |
| Birth rate : |
26.22 births/1,000 population |
| Death rate : |
7.95 deaths/1,000 population |
| Life expectancy : |
Total population : 64.19 years
Male : 60.82 years
Female : 67.73 years |
| People living with HIV/AIDS :
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11,000 (2003 est.) |
| Ethnic groups : |
Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh
3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
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| Religions : |
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox
9%, other 3% |
| Languages : |
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%,
other 7.1% |
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| Economy overview : |
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of
which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river
valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely
populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's
second-largest cotton exporter, and fifth largest producer; it
relies heavily on cotton production as the major source of
export earnings. Other major export earners include gold and
oil. Following independence in December 1991, the government
sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with
subsidies and tight controls on production and prices.
Uzbekistan responded to the negative external conditions
generated by the Asian and Russian financial crises by
emphasizing import substitute industrialization and by
tightening export and currency controls within its already
largely closed economy. The government, while aware of the need
to improve the investment climate, sponsors measures that often
increase, not decrease, the government's control over business
decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income
distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since
independence. In 2003, the government accepted the obligations
of Article VIII under the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict
currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the
effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages
that have further stifled economic activity. Potential
investment by Russia and China in Uzbekistan's gas and oil
industry would increase economic growth prospects. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity) :
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$52.21 billion (2005 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate) :
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$10.24 billion (2005 est.) |
| GDP real growth rate : |
5.4% (2005 est.) |
| GDP per capita : |
purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2005 est.)
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| GDP composition by sector :
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agriculture: 38%
industry: 26.3%
services: 35.7% (2003 est.) |
| Labor force : |
14.26 million (2005 est.) |
| Labor force by occupation :
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agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36%
(1995) |
| Unemployment rate : |
0.7% officially, plus another 20%
underemployed (2005 est.) |
| Population below poverty line :
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28% (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate : |
7.1% (2005 est.) |
| Budget : |
revenues : $2.815 billion expenditures :
$2.917 billion |
| Agriculture products : |
cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
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| Industries : |
textiles, food processing, machine building,
metallurgy, gold petroleum, natural gas, chemicals |
| Electricity production : |
46.52 billion kWh (2003) |
| Electricity consumption :
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48.45 billion kWh (2003) |
| Electricity exports : |
5.36 billion kWh (2003) |
| Electricity imports : |
10.55 billion kWh (2003) |
| Oil production : |
152,000 bbl/day (2004) |
| Oil consumption : |
120,000 bbl/day (2004) |
| Natural gas production : |
55.8 billion cu m (2004) |
| Natural gas consumption :
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49.3 billion cu m (2004) |
| Natural gas exports : |
6.5 billion cu m (2004) |
| Natural gas imports : |
0 cu m (2004) |
| Export : |
$5.36 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
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| Export partners : |
Russia 22%, China 14.7%, Turkey 6.4%,
Tajikistan 6.1%, Kazakhstan 4.2%, Bangladesh 4% (2004)
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| Import : |
$4.14 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
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| Import partners : |
Russia 26.8%, South Korea 12.6%, US 8%,
Germany 7.7%, Kazakhstan 6.3%, China 5.8%, Turkey 5.1%, Ukraine
4.5% (2004) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold :
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$2.123 billion (2005 est.) |
| External Debt : |
$5.184 billion (2005 est.) |
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| Telephone lines in use :
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1,717,100 (2003) |
| Mobile Phones : |
320,800 (2003) |
| Telephone System :
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general assessment: antiquated and
inadequate; in serious need of modernization domestic: the domestic
telephone system is being expanded and technologically improved,
particularly in Tashkent (Toshkent) and Samarqand, under contracts
with prominent companies in industrialized countries; moreover, by
1998, six cellular networks had been placed in operation - four of
the GSM type (Global System for Mobile Communication), one D-AMPS
type (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), and one AMPS type
(Advanced Mobile Phone System) international: country code - 998;
linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states
and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow
international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link
to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be
independent of Russian facilities for international communications;
Inmarsat also provides an international connection, albeit an
expensive one; satellite earth stations |
| Radio Broadcast Stations :
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AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10
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| TV Broadcast Stations :
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4 (plus two repeaters that relay
Russian programs), 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent; approximately
20 stations in regional capitals |
| Internet Hosts : |
1,040 (2003) |
| Internet Users : |
492,000 (2003) |
| Airports : |
226 |
| Airports with paved runways :
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over 3,047 m : 6
2,438 to 3,047 m : 13
1,524 to 2,437 m : 5
914 to 1,523 m : 5
under 914 m : 4 |
| Pipelines : |
gas 9,149 km; oil 869 km; refined products 33 km
(2004) |
| Railways : |
3,950 km |
| Roadways : |
total : 81,600 km
paved : 71,237 km
unpaved : 10,363 km |
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